Lightning is an atmospheric discharge of electricity accompanied by thunder, which typically occurs during thunderstorms, and sometimes during volcanic eruptions or dust storms.[1] In the atmospheric electrical discharge, a leader of a bolt of lightning can travel at speeds of 60,000 m/s (130,000 mph), and can reach temperatures approaching 30,000 °C (54,000 °F), hot enough to fuse silica sand into glass channels known as fulgurites which are normally hollow and can extend some distance into the ground.[2][3] There are some 16 million lightning storms in the world every year.[4]
Lightning can also occur within the ash clouds from volcanic eruptions, or can be caused by violent forest fires which generate sufficient dust to create a static charge.[1][5]
How lightning initially forms is still a matter of debate:[6] Scientists have studied root causes ranging from atmospheric perturbations (wind, humidity, friction, and atmospheric pressure) to the impact of solar wind and accumulation of charged solar particles.[4] Ice inside a cloud is thought to be a key element in lightning development, and may cause a forcible separation of positive and negative charges within the cloud, thus assisting in the formation of lightning.[4]
The irrational fear of lightning (and thunder) is astraphobia. The study or science of lightning is called fulminology, and someone who studies lightning is referred to as a fulminologist.
Lightning is a bright light that appears suddenly in the heart of the sky in the days with the worst weather conditions, a light arising as a result of a collision Shaptin one cargo-carrying electric negative and the other carrying the electric charge of positive and thus the resulting collision spark a powerful issued in the form of light that we see a sudden then disappears
Flankchw through this film
راغب السرجانى
الأربعاء، 30 يونيو 2010
Floods
While she shows its teeth water, they become more deadly natural phenomenon on earth ... the flood. Floods move very quickly and can destroy all that is offset by its road building, land and extract ingestion of houses and mud and debris. Floods destroy the other cars and people and destroying crops and anarchy in the regions. Join us in a scientific expedition to Tcetkhvoa occur and how can we do to survive them
Geography
Geography (from Greek γεωγραφία - geographia, lit. "earth describe-write".is the study of the Earth and its lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena.A literal translation would be "to describe or write about the Earth". The first person to use the word "geography" was Eratosthenes (276-194 B.C.). Four historical traditions in geographical research are the spatial analysis of natural and human phenomena (geography as a study of distribution), area studies (places and regions), study of man-land relationship, and research in earth sciencesNonetheless, modern geography is an all-encompassing discipline that foremost seeks to understand the Earth and all of its human and natural complexities—not merely where objects are, but how they have changed and come to be. As "the bridge between the human and physical sciences," geography is divided into two main branches—human geography and physical geography
Introduction
Traditionally, geographers have been viewed the same way as cartographers and people who study place names and numbers. Although many geographers are trained in toponymy and cartology, this is not their main preoccupation. Geographers study the spatial and temporal distribution of phenomena, processes and features as well as the interaction of humans and their environment.[6] As space and place affect a variety of topics such as economics, health, climate, plants and animals, geography is highly interdisciplinary.
“ ...mere names of places...are not geography...know by heart a whole gazetteer full of them would not, in itself, constitute anyone a geographer. Geography has higher aims than this: it seeks to classify phenomena (alike of the natural and of the political world, in so far as it treats of the latter), to compare, to generalize, to ascend from effects to causes, and, in doing so, to trace out the great laws of nature and to mark their influences upon man. This is 'a description of the world'—that is Geography. In a word Geography is a Science—a thing not of mere names but of argument and reason, of cause and effect.[7] ”
— William Hughes, 1863
Geography as a discipline can be split broadly into two main subsidiary fields: human geography and physical geography. The former focuses largely on the built environment and how space is created, viewed and managed by humans as well as the influence humans have on the space they occupy. The latter examines the natural environment and how the climate, vegetation & life, soil, water, and landforms are produced and interact.[8] As a result of the two subfields using different approaches a third field has emerged, which is environmental geography. Environmental geography combines physical and human geography and looks at the interactions between the environment and humans.
Branches of geography
Physical geography (or physiography) focuses on geography as an Earth science. It aims to understand the physical lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, pedosphere, and global flora and fauna patterns (biosphere). Physical geography can be divided into the following broad categories:
Human geography
Human geography is a branch of geography that focuses on the study of patterns and processes that shape human interaction with various environments. It encompasses human, political, cultural, social, and economic aspects. While the major focus of human geography is not the physical landscape of the Earth (see physical geography), it is hardly possible to discuss human geography without referring to the physical landscape on which human activities are being played out, and environmental geography is emerging as a link between the two. Human geography can be divided into many broad categories, such as:
Environmental geography
Environmental geography is the branch of geography that describes the spatial aspects of interactions between humans and the natural world. It requires an understanding of the traditional aspects of physical and human geography, as well as the ways in which human societies conceptualize the environment.
Environmental geography has emerged as a bridge between human and physical geography as a result of the increasing specialisation of the two sub-fields. Furthermore, as human relationship with the environment has changed as a result of globalization and technological change a new approach was needed to understand the changing and dynamic relationship. Examples of areas of research in environmental geography include emergency management, environmental management, sustainability, and political ecology.
Geomatics
Geomatics is a branch of geography that has emerged since the quantitative revolution in geography in the mid 1950s. Geomatics involves the use of traditional spatial techniques used in cartography and topography and their application to computers. Geomatics has become a widespread field with many other disciplines using techniques such as GIS and remote sensing. Geomatics has also led to a revitalization of some geography departments especially in Northern America where the subject had a declining status during the 1950s.
Geomatics encompasses a large area of fields involved with spatial analysis, such as Cartography, Geographic information systems (GIS), Remote sensing, and Global positioning systems (GPS).
Regional geography
Regional geography is a branch of geography that studies the regions of all sizes across the Earth. It has a prevailing descriptive character. The main aim is to understand or define the uniqueness or character of a particular region which consists of natural as well as human elements. Attention is paid also to regionalization which covers the proper techniques of space delimitation into regions.
Regional geography is also considered as a certain approach to study in geographical sciences (similar to quantitative or critical geographies, for more information see History of geography).
Related fields
* Urban planning, regional planning and spatial planning: use the science of geography to assist in determining how to develop (or not develop) the land to meet particular criteria, such as safety, beauty, economic opportunities, the preservation of the built or natural heritage, and so on. The planning of towns, cities, and rural areas may be seen as applied geography.
* Regional science: In the 1950s the regional science movement led by Walter Isard arose, to provide a more quantitative and analytical base to geographical questions, in contrast to the descriptive tendencies of traditional geography programs. Regional science comprises the body of knowledge in which the spatial dimension plays a fundamental role, such as regional economics, resource management, location theory, urban and regional planning, transport and communication, human geography, population distribution, landscape ecology, and environmental quality.
* Interplanetary Sciences: While the discipline of geography is normally concerned with the Earth, the term can also be informally used to describe the study of other worlds, such as the planets of the Solar System and even beyond. The study of systems larger than the earth itself usually forms part of Astronomy or Cosmology. The study of other planets is usually called planetary science. Alternative terms such as Areology (the study of Mars) have been proposed, but are not widely used.
2
Introduction
Traditionally, geographers have been viewed the same way as cartographers and people who study place names and numbers. Although many geographers are trained in toponymy and cartology, this is not their main preoccupation. Geographers study the spatial and temporal distribution of phenomena, processes and features as well as the interaction of humans and their environment.[6] As space and place affect a variety of topics such as economics, health, climate, plants and animals, geography is highly interdisciplinary.
“ ...mere names of places...are not geography...know by heart a whole gazetteer full of them would not, in itself, constitute anyone a geographer. Geography has higher aims than this: it seeks to classify phenomena (alike of the natural and of the political world, in so far as it treats of the latter), to compare, to generalize, to ascend from effects to causes, and, in doing so, to trace out the great laws of nature and to mark their influences upon man. This is 'a description of the world'—that is Geography. In a word Geography is a Science—a thing not of mere names but of argument and reason, of cause and effect.[7] ”
— William Hughes, 1863
Geography as a discipline can be split broadly into two main subsidiary fields: human geography and physical geography. The former focuses largely on the built environment and how space is created, viewed and managed by humans as well as the influence humans have on the space they occupy. The latter examines the natural environment and how the climate, vegetation & life, soil, water, and landforms are produced and interact.[8] As a result of the two subfields using different approaches a third field has emerged, which is environmental geography. Environmental geography combines physical and human geography and looks at the interactions between the environment and humans.
Branches of geography
Physical geography (or physiography) focuses on geography as an Earth science. It aims to understand the physical lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, pedosphere, and global flora and fauna patterns (biosphere). Physical geography can be divided into the following broad categories:
Human geography
Human geography is a branch of geography that focuses on the study of patterns and processes that shape human interaction with various environments. It encompasses human, political, cultural, social, and economic aspects. While the major focus of human geography is not the physical landscape of the Earth (see physical geography), it is hardly possible to discuss human geography without referring to the physical landscape on which human activities are being played out, and environmental geography is emerging as a link between the two. Human geography can be divided into many broad categories, such as:
Environmental geography
Environmental geography is the branch of geography that describes the spatial aspects of interactions between humans and the natural world. It requires an understanding of the traditional aspects of physical and human geography, as well as the ways in which human societies conceptualize the environment.
Environmental geography has emerged as a bridge between human and physical geography as a result of the increasing specialisation of the two sub-fields. Furthermore, as human relationship with the environment has changed as a result of globalization and technological change a new approach was needed to understand the changing and dynamic relationship. Examples of areas of research in environmental geography include emergency management, environmental management, sustainability, and political ecology.
Geomatics
Geomatics is a branch of geography that has emerged since the quantitative revolution in geography in the mid 1950s. Geomatics involves the use of traditional spatial techniques used in cartography and topography and their application to computers. Geomatics has become a widespread field with many other disciplines using techniques such as GIS and remote sensing. Geomatics has also led to a revitalization of some geography departments especially in Northern America where the subject had a declining status during the 1950s.
Geomatics encompasses a large area of fields involved with spatial analysis, such as Cartography, Geographic information systems (GIS), Remote sensing, and Global positioning systems (GPS).
Regional geography
Regional geography is a branch of geography that studies the regions of all sizes across the Earth. It has a prevailing descriptive character. The main aim is to understand or define the uniqueness or character of a particular region which consists of natural as well as human elements. Attention is paid also to regionalization which covers the proper techniques of space delimitation into regions.
Regional geography is also considered as a certain approach to study in geographical sciences (similar to quantitative or critical geographies, for more information see History of geography).
Related fields
* Urban planning, regional planning and spatial planning: use the science of geography to assist in determining how to develop (or not develop) the land to meet particular criteria, such as safety, beauty, economic opportunities, the preservation of the built or natural heritage, and so on. The planning of towns, cities, and rural areas may be seen as applied geography.
* Regional science: In the 1950s the regional science movement led by Walter Isard arose, to provide a more quantitative and analytical base to geographical questions, in contrast to the descriptive tendencies of traditional geography programs. Regional science comprises the body of knowledge in which the spatial dimension plays a fundamental role, such as regional economics, resource management, location theory, urban and regional planning, transport and communication, human geography, population distribution, landscape ecology, and environmental quality.
* Interplanetary Sciences: While the discipline of geography is normally concerned with the Earth, the term can also be informally used to describe the study of other worlds, such as the planets of the Solar System and even beyond. The study of systems larger than the earth itself usually forms part of Astronomy or Cosmology. The study of other planets is usually called planetary science. Alternative terms such as Areology (the study of Mars) have been proposed, but are not widely used.
2
quantum Intangel Net
The world will witness a technological revolution called quantum Intangel Net will transmit the Internet for retirement
The Egyptian scientist Ahmed Zewail for
A new revolution will be online with this form
An old classic method called the "Quantum Intangel Net"
The monitoring of the visual world is not Kaldzeiat speeds is
M to search through the Internet.
Without wires
And cables
Or communication lines, and will be used through the transition of atoms
And vibrations to turn to light through the air to move into atoms
And vibrations in another country without any wires directly,
This is something that will give everyone in the world
Finite speed of search and privacy
Keeping secrets and information
He added that this method
Modern "quantum" to monitor the world invisible
Used by developed countries in economy and even in war,
They advanced methods for Einstein's theories
Classical movement, which monitors the movement of the common man.
He gave an example of what the world saw during the war in Gaza when Israeli technology use "quantum" Calfsfor white, and a dime a million daggers are sharp and severe micro capable of genital human and Thtkha
The Egyptian scientist Ahmed Zewail for
A new revolution will be online with this form
An old classic method called the "Quantum Intangel Net"
The monitoring of the visual world is not Kaldzeiat speeds is
M to search through the Internet.
Without wires
And cables
Or communication lines, and will be used through the transition of atoms
And vibrations to turn to light through the air to move into atoms
And vibrations in another country without any wires directly,
This is something that will give everyone in the world
Finite speed of search and privacy
Keeping secrets and information
He added that this method
Modern "quantum" to monitor the world invisible
Used by developed countries in economy and even in war,
They advanced methods for Einstein's theories
Classical movement, which monitors the movement of the common man.
He gave an example of what the world saw during the war in Gaza when Israeli technology use "quantum" Calfsfor white, and a dime a million daggers are sharp and severe micro capable of genital human and Thtkha
1001withtranslation
Or you today in the face to me, is a gift to the whole world and film is 1001 invention and I want you to look into this product perspective and a good vision is Yahya for scientists and inventions that led to our modern life and I hope you watch the fun of your friend Mohamed Ahmed
NASA denies rumors that confirms that the end of life in 2012
Confirmed the U.S. space agency NASA rumors spread by people and websites that the end of life on Earth will be in the month of December in 2012, has stated specialist space science, David Morrison, said he does not have NASA any information about the existence of the planet a huge about to crash land in the that date.
Morrison noted that such stories are handled consistently by the people and that they are not based on scientific fact, but is in fact a great trick started from the Legends of the ancient Mayan civilization in Central America.
Mentioned here that the rumors that are currently circulating confirm that the planet anonymously called Nipro, will collide with the globe in 2012, and that the earth will start spinning the opposite will build solar storms and bubbling volcanoes and permeated albumin land and melting ice, and other extremes of climate variation.
Around that scientists say that there is no planet named Nipro and astronomical studies did not reveal the presence of objects or celestial bodies orbit will intersect with the Earth's orbit in the near future, and the possibility of occurrence of such severe climatic changes at once is not possible.
the moon Titan
Moon of Saturn's Titan like Earth to a large extent
The latest scientific research from the U.S. space agency (NASA) that one of Saturn's moons, a moon, Titan, similar to Earth than any planet or other celestial configuration in the solar system.
The scientists based their conclusions on an analysis of this data and information sent by the Cassini space probe.
These data showed that the moon Titan which Tdharyis mountains, and valleys of sand, and many lakes, and perhaps even volcanoes, which in total makes him a very close resemblance of the planet.
Titan away about ten times the distance between the earth and the sun, it also much cooler, reaching temperatures of about 180 degrees Celsius, but there is no water in it.
The information also indicated that chemicals such as methane and ethane has taken the place of water in the moon.
And fall of these materials is also falling rain or snow in this band, made up lakes, which makes Tksh similar to a large extent weather the ground.
Photographer section below shows the moon Titan, and a trip identified
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